Performance modeling of a manufacturing cell with a single material transporter: An approximation

We consider a flexible manufacturing system with a number of workstations, a single material transporter, and a common storage space of finite capacity. The material handling delay times are explicitly considered in the model and assumed to follow a two-stage Coxian distribution. The material processing times on a workstation also have a two-stage Coxian distribution. The routing of parts within the system follows a Markov chain. An approximate performance model is developed and the results are compared with the exact or simulation results. We also investigate how this performance model compares to a simulation with deterministic routing and processing times. Finally, we study the effect, on the performance measures, of ignoring the material transporter or of modeling the transporter as a central server with aggregation of routing information.     

Axial characterization of oxygen storage capacity in close-coupled lightoff and underfloor catalytic converters and impact of sulfur

The oxygen storage capacity of a 56,000 mile aged warmup and underfloor converter system was characterized as a function of axial location along the converters and compared with fresh samples having the same formulation. Measurements of oxygen storage were made using a titration technique and at conditions expected to be commonly encountered during OBD-II diagnosis of catalyst performance. Vehicle aging resulted in a dramatic loss of oxygen storage in the warmup converter presumably due to the severe thermal sintering, but the significant amount of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) poison accumulation on this converter was found to impact oxygen storage minimally. This is in contrast to the measured impact of P and Zn deposition on warmed-up hydrocarbon conversion, which was found to be significant relative to the impact of thermal sintering. The underfloor converter was found to have retained nearly all of its original oxygen storage after vehicle aging, consistent with operation of this converter at moderate temperatures which do no result in severe thermal sintering of the noble metals and the ceria.

The impact of sulfur on the oxygen storage of both warmup and underfloor converter sections was dramatic. Sections in the forward part of the warmup converter and in the front brick of the underfloor converter had relatively modest oxygen storage capacity which was almost completely blocked as the sulfur concentration reached 75–150 ppm (equivalent in gasoline). Other sections such as the rear of the warmup converter and the rear monolith of the underfloor converter had more oxygen storage capacity, which was significantly decreased as the sulfur concentration reached 150 ppm equivalent in fuel, and was approached complete loss near 500 ppm sulfur equivalent in fuel.     

迅速发展的我国合成材料制造业

从合成材料制造业的产量、产值、行业结构、生产企业、消费５个方面，阐述了该行业的发展状况，并预测了合成材料在近期内的需求。     

氨分解制氢催化剂的研究进展

氢能作为二次能源在可再生能源和化石能源发展中将发挥重要的桥梁和纽带作用,但其推广应用受限于氢气储存成本高和运输效率低等因素。采用氨作为储氢载体,其储氢密度高、运输技术成熟,方便分布式现场制氢就地供应,避免氢气储运带来的困扰。氨载氢技术推广应用关键在于氨分解催化剂的发展水平。对近年来用于氨分解的Ru基催化剂、非贵金属催化剂、双金属催化剂和氮化物/碳化物催化剂研究进展进行总结,分析了各种催化剂上氨分解的反应机理以及活性金属、载体、助剂和制备方法对催化剂物化性质和催化性能的影响,指出了不同类型催化剂的优势和不足,并对其未来研究方向进行了展望。     

Optimization of a thermal manufacturing process: Drawing of optical fibers

The optimization of thermal systems and processes has received much less attention than their simulation and often lags behind optimization in other engineering areas. This paper considers the optimization of the important thermal manufacturing process involved in the drawing of optical fibers. Despite the importance of optical fibers and the need to enhance product quality and reduce costs, very little work has been done on the optimization of the process. The main aspects that arise in the optimization of such thermal processes are considered in detail in order to formulate an appropriate objective function and to determine the existence of optimal conditions. Using validated numerical models to simulate the thermal transport processes that govern the characteristics of the fiber and the production rate, the study investigates the relevant parametric space and obtains the domain in which the process is physically feasible. This is followed by an attempt to narrow the feasible region and focus on the domain that could lead to optimization. Employing standard optimization techniques, optimal conditions are determined for typical operating parameters. The study thus provides a basis for choosing optimal design conditions and for more detailed investigations on the feasibility and optimization of this complicated and important process.     

有机酸添加剂强化石灰石湿法烟气脱硫过程的实验研究

在湍球塔设备上进行了有机酸添加剂强化石灰石湿法烟气脱硫过程的实验研究,测定了进口SO2浓度、液气比、浆液pH及石灰石浆液浓度等对脱硫率的影响规律,以及不同有机酸作用下脱硫率、浆液pH等随时间的变化情况.实验结果表明,所选有机酸中己二酸的强化作用最强,柠檬酸的缓冲作用最强.     

新型燃油节油剂的节油环保技术探讨及应用

介绍了一种新型燃油节油剂的工作原理,并对其高效率、低污染的特性进行了分析。在实际应用中取得了令人满意的结果。     

Multilayer additive manufacturing of catalyst-coated membranes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells by inkjet printing

Inkjet printing is a versatile, contactless and accurate material deposition technology. The present work is focused on developing innovative strategies for inkjet printing of Catalyst-Coated Membranes (CCM) by performing Additive Manufacturing (AM) applied to Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), without resorting to intermediate substrates. Three different approaches for AM are presented and discussed: a) inkjet-printing of the membrane ionomer layer and the top catalyst layer; b) inkjet-printing of both catalyst layers onto a membrane; c) inkjet-printing of the ionomer layer as well as the catalyst layers onto the reinforcement layer of the membrane. The produced catalyst and membrane layers were characterized and proved uniform in terms of catalyst loading (0.2–0.4 and 0.08 mg_Pt cm^?2 for cathode and anode, respectively), ionomer distribution and thickness homogeneity (4 μm for catalyst layers). The fully inkjet-printed CCM outperformed conventionally made assemblies in electrochemical-performance testing, even reaching 15% higher power density.     

活性添加剂对高辛烷值燃料HCCI着火时刻与燃烧速率的影响

为研讨活性添加剂过氧化二叔丁基(DTBP)对高辛烷值燃料以HCCI燃烧模式运行时的放热率特征、着火时刻、燃烧持续期和排放特性的影响，在一台单缸发动机上，在辛烷值为90(RON90)(90％的异辛烷和10％的正庚烷)的混合燃料中加入不同比例(0～4％)的DTBP，考察5种燃料在1800r／min下不同负荷时的燃烧特性和排放特性．实验结果表明：RON90中没有添加剂时，只能在高温、高负荷下才能以HCCI燃烧模式运行；在其中加入少量的DTBP后，RON90实现HCCI燃烧的工况范围向低温低负荷下大幅度拓展．各种燃料的HCCI燃烧冷焰反应发生在850K左右，到950K结束，进入负温度系数区(NTC)，在1125K左右突破NTC区而发生热着火．随DTBP含量增加，系统温度达到冷焰反应和热焰反应的化学时间尺度缩短，因此着火时刻提前，燃烧持续期缩短，特别是提高了低负荷下的燃烧速率．添加剂使各种当量比下未燃碳氢(UHC)和一氧化碳(CO)排放显著改善，NOx排放也保持在很低的水平．